Gothic+Revival--section+1

Karen

media type="youtube" key="5uORT3gFpJQ" height="385" width="640" The Gothic Revival has been described as an unambiguous movement of a style occurring during the 19th century. This was linked with religious and political faith. This term “Gothic Revival” became an English term when Charles Locke Eastlake had published __A History of the Gothic Revival__. There was a phase between Gothic Survival and Gothic Revival; the medieval buildings and predominantly large churches were restored or completed. An example of this is the Westminster Abbey designed by Christopher Wren and completed by Nicholas Hawksmoor. The majority of the work by Giovanni Santini was to reshape the medieval Gothic churches. This reshaping of the medieval Gothic churches was directly influenced by Pugin's architectural vision. During this time, medieval colleges were being rebuilt incorporating the remaining medieval parts and adding Gothic Revival features resulting in a more cohesive style. Auguste Welby Northmore Pugin, an expert on the Gothic Revival style of architecture, began his career working with his father in his design and illustration workshop. Every summer, Pugin and his father went on trips to sketch Gothic structures both at home in England and in France. This allowed the younger Pugin to absorb a huge amount of detailed knowledge about the Gothic style from an early age. After his father's death in 1832, Pugin was able to carry on the illustration business that his father had begun. In 1835, Pugin converted to Catholicism. He converted because after his study of ancient Catholic church architecture, his faith was redirected to the Church. Most artists would express their unique style through their art. Pugin had expressed his passion for the Gothic style and incorporated his faith through his architecture, writings and design-work. Pugin’s writings were influential and wide-reaching; __Contracts__ (1836) and __True Principles of Pointed Architecture__ (1841) are considered the authority on Gothic Revival architecture. In these books, Pugin argued that no features should exist in architecture that are not for convenience. Pugin did not only concentrate on architecture. He also had a passion for Gothic furniture, metalwork, fabrics, and wallpapers. He was also interested in recreating the Catholic liturgy in its medieval setting, so he had made candlesticks and stained glass. Toward the end of the 12th century, Europe was divided into city-states and kingdoms. Angevin kings brought the Gothic tradition from France to southern Italy. During this time, there was a rapid expansion in trade and associated growth in towns. England and France remained fundamentally feudal and produced domestic architecture for their dukes. The Gothic architecture grew out of the architectural type, Romanesque. With the development of the Renaissance, the unexpected restoration of the Classical style in the 15th century occurred. Romanesque architecture is associated with the Norman invasion, which already established architectural forms with the medieval period. The feature that brought change within the style was the pointed arch. With the use of the pointed arch, this helped develop many other buildings and new styles which include the buttresses, pinnacles, and traceries windows, which show the Gothic style.
 * I. Early Development**
 * II. Auguste Welby Northmore Pugin**
 * III. Influence on the 19th century**

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 * (1)**[[image:industrialchurch.jpg width="228" height="250"]] **(2)**[[image:450px-Chapel_Organ_Princeton_University.jpg width="225" height="300"]]**(3)** [[image:WoolworthBuilding.jpg width="214" height="300"]]


 * (1)** [ New Haven - Yale University ]
 * (2)** [ Chapel Organ - Princeton University ]
 * (3)** [ New York City - Woolworth Building ]



Gothic Revival. Mohawk, n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .

"Pugin." Oxford Art Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .

"Gothic Revival ." Oxford Art Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .

Pugin. Oxford Art Online, n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .